RP Rebecca Patterson Author of a book chapter on which countries gain most economically from AI, on The Spillover pushing back on the assumption that US AI leadership is settled.

“If AI had come in … 2009, when we were in a recession and we had slack and we had low interest rates and low inflation, it would have been a miracle. But it's coming now. And so it's still potentially a miracle. But it's having a lot more costs on the way to the miracle because it's so big and it's happening now.”

The Spillover · October 2026

“If AI had come in … 2009, when we were in a recession and we had slack and we had low interest rates and low inflation, it would have been a miracle. But it's coming now. And so it's still potentially a miracle. But it's having a lot more costs on the way to the miracle because it's so big and it's happening now.” — Rebecca Patterson, The Spillover

Patterson is explaining a line she has been working on: "AI is too much of a good thing happening at the wrong time." She treats AI spending as an enormous fiscal stimulus landing on an economy with low unemployment and above-target inflation, where it crowds out other construction and other borrowers and pushes interest rates up while governments are already issuing heavily.

Transcript

The Spillover Around 29:29 into the episode
Rebecca Patterson

Yeah, me too. Look, I want to wrap up, but before we do that, I thought we could each share maybe one more thing we're watching as we go into the end of the year and 2027. And I can kick off since I just threw that out there. You know, I've been partly through all these conversations with you this year, Sebastian, I've been thinking more and more and more about the intersection of AI and the fragile four and the polarization around the world. And I think I've come up with a line: AI is too much of a good thing happening at the wrong time.

Sebastian Mallaby

Okay, explain that.

Rebecca Patterson

Okay. So AI is like enormous, enormous fiscal stimulus. It's just this tsunami of money going into the economy and supporting growth, not just in the U.S., but look at places like Taiwan and Korea as examples. I mean, it's global. If this were, and so it's a good thing, right? It is a good thing. It's helping growth. It's certainly helping stock markets. If you take the hyperscalers, they've done double the returns of the SP 500 since the end of 2022 when ChatGPT came out. I think if you just take four of those companies, Amazon, Alphabet, Meta, Microsoft, they're from N22 to now, they're up something like 270%. I mean, it's right. So a lot of wealth generation from that. So that's good. And again, it's happening in lots of countries. Good, good, good. Too much of a good thing is because it's happening when the economy is already fairly resilient. You have a low unemployment rate in the U.S. is 4.2%. You have inflation that's above the Fed's target. So you're adding all this stimulus to an already growing inflationary economy. And so it's too much of a good thing. It's too much of a good thing. And it's crowding out construction workers and inputs from non-data center construction. It's too much of a good thing because all of the AI debt being issued is crowding out demand for other corporate and now government debt. It's too much of a good thing because it's lifting growth and inflation to a level that central banks have to raise interest rates. And that's leading to this bond yield issue. So that's the too good of a good thing. The wrong time is partly because of the economic backdrop and it's partly because of the fiscal backdrop and the affordability backdrop. And with the fiscal backdrop, if you have all this AI debt and it's crowding out demand for treasuries at a time when treasury issuance is going up to fund these deficits, and again, we can play that story in France, UK, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera, it makes the fiscal crisis worse. And so this year, the U.S. is going to issue about $2 trillion of debt to fund the budget deficit. More and more of that's going to interest payments as rates go up, which adds to the debt. And then we have a slow-motion debt doom loop. And so that's the wrong time. If AI had come in 2020, 2009, when we were in a recession and we had slack and we had low interest rates and low inflation, it would have been a miracle. But it's coming now. And so it's still potentially a miracle. But it's having a lot more costs on the way to the miracle because it's so big and it's happening now. So that's my like thesis that's been gelling in my head. And I'm hoping to turn it into a proper research note to share with people soon.

Sebastian Mallaby

That's great. I mean, it's a good riff, and I take your point. It's a good

Rebecca Patterson

riff. I get a good riff. All right.

Sebastian Mallaby

What are you focusing on? Well, let me just react to it. I think it speaks to something that I've also thought about, which is that AI is not just an experiment and a gamble with a new technology. It's sort of testing other things as well, like the depth of our capital markets, the resilience and adaptability of our political systems, our capacity to build out our energy grids, which have basically been stagnant and nobody's added to them for decades. And even our ability to sort of adapt as human beings to the idea that there's a rival form of cognition in the world. And so I think you're right. And you're highlighting the economic stresses that AI is imposing. And I guess the question is: given that AI is doing this, right? We Got going to stop it from doing it.

Speaker names from our own diarization · position estimated from where the line sits in the episode

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