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Dwarkesh Podcast · AI Research & Frontier Labs · June 2026
Palmer had just described how hard it is for modern readers to imagine a book written for an audience of one, as Renaissance manuscripts often were. Dwarkesh's observation is that this is no longer a historical curiosity — he already lives that way. Palmer's reply is that bespoke writing never actually went away.
That is so fascinating.
Because we have trouble wrapping our heads around the idea of writing a book for an audience of one. It's just not what a book is to us.
Well, the funny thing is, I think we're returning, or not returning, we are entering a new era. Well, that might be once again possible. It already is somewhat true where I think most of the, at least half of the words I read on a given day are generated specifically for me and nobody else because of AI. And obviously, AI is not capable of writing something which I think would be a literary masterpiece that everybody would want to read if they had access to it just yet. But eventually it will be. And so it's interesting to consider that as this knowledge progresses, it would bring us back to this era of bespoke scholars dedicated to a particular prince.
It's sort of important to remember that that never went away. I mean, so two halves of that one, for ages, it's been true that half of the words we read every day are bespoke only for us because they're email.
Yeah.
They're letters. They're the correspondence back and forth, which has the audience of one, the addressee. And that's the majority of what all of us read and write in our lives. It's also always been the case that in the halls of power, there are book-long things with an audience of one or an…