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DP Dwarkesh Patel Dwarkesh Patel Hosts the Dwarkesh Podcast, a long-form interview show on AI progress, timelines, and the people building frontier models, along with economists and historians.

“At the frontiers of physics today, in your experience, does it feel like if you just have millions of them running autonomously, you could have enormous discoveries? Or are we in a different era now, and really there's limited usefulness of that parallelism?”

Dwarkesh Podcast · AI Research & Frontier Labs · July 2026

“At the frontiers of physics today, in your experience, does it feel like if you just have millions of them running autonomously, you could have enormous discoveries? Or are we in a different era now, and really there's limited usefulness of that parallelism?” — Dwarkesh Patel, Dwarkesh Podcast

Context

The 'them' is Einsteins — Adam Brown had just said that with lots and lots of Einsteins you could explore the whole tree of options in parallel, because general relativity needed so few empirical inputs. Dwarkesh is asking whether that still holds at today's frontier. Brown's answer is that different parts of science have different branching fractions, and string theory is the cautionary case.

Transcript

Dwarkesh Podcast
Speaker 1

Yeah, increasing the demand curve on the theoretical physicist, but yeah.

Speaker 4

…explore there. I don't know how that, how well, I think we got very, very lucky with general relativity that that's quite so powerful under those circumstances. But if you just had lots and lots of Einsteins and you just give each of them various options, you could presumably see them in parallel.

Speaker 1

At the frontiers of physics today, in your experience, does it feel like if you just have millions in them running autonomously, you could have enormous discoveries? Or are we in a different era now? And really, there's like limited usefulness of that parallelism.

Speaker 4

I think there is usefulness. I do think that different parts of science have different branching fractions and how much you need experiment to cut off that branch. I talked about chasing the high of Einstein. Arguably string theory has

Speaker 2

really been going all in on that. So Einstein's theory is just general relativity. There's also quantum mechanics and trying to marry those two in a consistent way that general relativity doesn't do it all. There's no quantum mechanics in general relativity. How to do that has motivated a lot of…

Speaker 4

that stuff. But that doesn't stop people. I mean, it stopped many people, but many people didn't stop and keep trying to do it. And so there you just have to kind of hope that it works out sort of like how it did with general relativity, where just by thinking very, very, very hard with minimal…

Speaker names come from our own diarization. The position is estimated from where the line sits in the episode.

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