Sebastian Mallaby

Things Sebastian Says on Podcasts

Writes about finance and technology at the Council on Foreign Relations, where he is the Paul A. Volcker senior fellow for international economics. His books include The Power Law, a history of venture capital, and The Infinity Machine, about Demis Hassabis and DeepMind. He talks about AI adoption inside companies and the economics around it. He hosts The Spillover, a Council on Foreign Relations podcast, and appears as a guest across a wide range of shows, including On with Kara Swisher, Hard Fork, and Prof G Markets, and is a two-time Pulitzer Prize finalist.

Where to Find Them

Sebastian Mallaby hosts The Spillover , writes Ground Truths , writes Unsupervised Learning with Jacob Effron , hosts The President’s Inbox , hosts ChinaTalk , writes World Review with Ivo Daalder and writes Ground Truths (Eric Topol) . They have also been a guest on Bloomberg Surveillance (7 times) , Wall Street Week (2 times) , Trumponomics (2 times) , The Exchange (2 times) , Masters in Business (2 times) , Squawk Pod (2 times) , The Blog of Author Tim Ferriss (2 times) , TechStuff (2 times) , Capital Ideas podcast , Prof G Markets , Summation with Auren Hoffman , Capital Allocators – Inside the Institutional Investment Industry , Open Book with Anthony Scaramucci , Executive Functions Chat , Prof G Media , Odd Lots , The Information's TITV , Conversations with Tyler , This Week in Startups , Brew Markets , On with Kara Swisher , Yascha Mounk , Enterprising Investor , Hard Fork (NYT) , The Tim Ferriss Show , Barron's Advisor , Future Ready Leadership With Jacob Morgan , Manifold , Twenty-four two , TBPN , Faster, Please! , The Chris Voss Show , The Indicator (Planet Money) and The Foreign Affairs Interview . They also write for Sebastian Mallaby on Substack.

Recently: “What We Got Right (and Wrong) This Year” on The Spillover (October 2026); “Central Banks in a Bind + Could AI Replace the FOMC?” on The Spillover (October 2026); “A White House Accord with AI’s Leaders 9/30/26” on Squawk Pod (September 2026); “Why Won’t Europe Do More For Ukraine? + The Rise of Pro-Russia Populism” on The Spillover (September 2026); “Nvidia Bets Big on Hugging Face + Sebastian Sashimi + AI-Powered Toothbrushes” on The Spillover (September 2026); “Could the AI Debt Problem Create the Next Financial Crisis?” on The Spillover (August 2026).

What They Said

“in an organization, there are bottlenecks and the whole organization moves forward at the speed of the slowest piece of it.” — Sebastian Mallaby, The Spillover

Sebastian Mallaby explains why AI coding tools can double an individual programmer's output without doubling a company's overall productivity. Approvals, sign-offs, and other slow steps downstream of the code cap the gain the whole organization actually captures.

The Spillover · 2026-08-18 Permalink → Listen →
The Spillover Around 25:50 into the episode
Sebastian Mallaby

…good side about the US story is that when you have a big technological shift, you have to do radical things within the organization in order to kind of reap the productivity gains. And trying to kind of band-aid the whole thing just may slow you down and you wouldn't get the productivity benefits.

Rebecca Patterson

…been a couple courts that have presented guidelines, and there have also been a few government statements suggesting companies have to balance any automation with protecting jobs. So they're clearly aware of it, but I'm not sure where they fall in that spectrum kind of between the US and Europe.

Sebastian Mallaby

…describe the way that individuals within companies, like a coder, for example, has probably increased productivity thanks to AI a lot because you have a coding assistant and now one coder produces twice as much code. So that's a 2X on that individual. But organizations don't increase their productivity anything like 2X. It's more like, for the sake of argument, 1.1. Why is that? It's because in an organization, there are bottlenecks and the whole organization moves forward at the speed of the slowest piece of it. So let's say you have lots of coders and they're producing twice as much code and it's really great. It's really fast. But in order to actually ship the code, turn that into a product, let's say it's a bank and it's some kind of consumer-facing thing on the website of the bank, which the retail customers will use, then you're going to have a few managers, a few product managers, a few sort of…

Rebecca Patterson

Yeah, I agree with you 100%. And I'm hearing that anecdotally from different industries. And in addition to all the points you made, I would add the risk management layer, right? Even if your coders are twice as productive, churning out great things that could revolutionize your company and…

Sebastian Mallaby

Yeah, yeah. And there are some companies which literally their role in life is to sort of be in a liability sponge, right? If you're a law firm advising the investment bank and doing kind of the detail of the contract on some IPO or something, you have to diligence every sentence in the document…

Rebecca Patterson

Yeah.

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